What are Conditional Statements?

A conditional statement allows your program to make decisions and execute different code depending on whether a condition is true or false.

It’s like giving your program a choice:

• If this happens, do this.
• Otherwise, do something else.

In Python, conditional statements use the keywords:
if
elif (else if)
else

The if Statement

The most basic conditional structure.
It runs a block of code only if the condition is true.

if condition:
    # code block

Example

age = 18
if age >= 18:
    print("You are an adult")

The if-elif-else Statement

For more than two choices, use elif (short for else if).

Syntax:

if condition1:
    # code block 1
elif condition2:
    # code block 2
else:
    # code block if none above are true

Example

score = 75
if score >= 90:
    print("Grade: A")
elif score >= 75:
    print("Grade: B")
else:
    print("Grade: C or below")

Relational Operators

These operators compare two values and return True or False.

if age >= 18:
    print("Adult")
else:
    print("Not adult")

if age >= 18:
print("Adult")  # ❌ no indentation

temperature = 30
if temperature > 35:
    print("It's very hot!")
elif temperature > 25:
    print("It's warm.")
else:
    print("It's cool.")